Izrael Ajzenman / Julian Kaniewski

The Second World War - Criminals - Poland

Izrael Ajzenman, Julian Ajzenman, Julek Ajsenman, pseudonym "Julek", "Chytry" [polish Cunning], "Lew" [polish Lions] - and since 1946 Julian Kaniewski, was born in 1914 in Radom and died in 1965 in Lublin. He came from a poor Jewish family. He was the son of Henryk - a blacksmith and Jola - a seamstress. He was illiterate and then self-taught (in post-war biographies he gave a false year of birth - 1916 - and primary education), he was a communist activist, an officer of the People's GuardPeople’s Guard (GL, polish: Gwardia Ludowa) – an underground communist armed organization, created by the communist Polish Workers’ Party in German-occupied Poland, sponsored by the Soviet Union, and aimed to armed fight against the German occupier. (GL), People's ArmyPeople’s Army (AL, polish: Armia Ludowa) – a communist guerrilla set up to fight Nazi Germany in occupied Poland, support the Red Army and help in creating a pro-Soviet communist government in Poland. (AL) and Ministry of Public SecurityMinistry of Public Security (UB, polish: Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) - secret police, intelligence and counterintelligence agency operating during the communist era of the Polish People's Republic. Identified with communist crimes; murders and bestial torturing of those fighting for independent Poland. (UB), and a criminal with sentences at the age of 20 for a for robbery of a grocery store, for breaking into another store with a gun, for beating a fellow prisoner, and for other offenses. Nevertheless, in all post-war biographies, he claimed that the sentences he served in the 1930s were imposed solely for communist activities.

During the warfare in September 1939 he got out of the Radom prison and started to organize a revolutionary committee in Radom, hoping that the Red Army would soon take over the city. In 1940 he was imprisoned by the Germans in the Radom ghetto. In 1942, he was arrested by the Jewish PoliceGerman: Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst, literally Jewish Order Service, customarily Jewish police - during World War II, they ware partially subordinate to the Judenrat, collaborating with Nazi Germany, Jewish Police units operated inside ghettos, labor camps and concentration camps. The police dealt with requisitions, round-ups of other Jews, escorting displaced people and deportation actions. and imprisoned in the local ghetto, from where they released him members of the KPPCommunist Party of Poland (KPP, polish: Komunistyczna Partia Polski) – a communist party operating from 1918 to 1938.. He then became the deputy commander of the GL partisan group commanded by Zygmunt Banasiak, who was soon sentenced to death for banditry. In autumn 1942, Ajzenman was appointed commander of the GL unit "Lions".

In 1943, this unit, under the personal command of "Julek", carried out attack on Drzewica. This crime received wide coverage in the underground press. The NSZ unit tracked down part of "Lions". Seven GLs were killed. But "Julek" was not among them.

Ajzenman came into conflict with his men and was kicked out of the squad. He looked for "justice" in the authorities of the Polish Workers' PartyPolish Workers' Party (PPR, polish: Polska Partia Robotnicza) - a Polish communist party operating from 1942 to 1948 in Warsaw during the German occupation by Polish communists from the so-called Initiative Group (parachuted by the Soviet Air Force in 1941) by merging several communist organisations. From 1944, the party ruled in Poland as a non-sovereign state, under the domination of the USSR. in Radom, because he always sent them back a large part of the loot stolen by "Lions". He was not mistaken. He commanded the group again, but only 10 people were left of it. The "usurper", who had held his post for a while, was liquidated by him personally .

The "Lions" unit was soon destroyed. First it was smashed by the Germans, and then completely liquidated by the NSZNational Armed Forces (NSZ, polish: Narodowe Siły Zbrojne) – Polish underground military organization of the national camp, operating in the years 1942–1947, with around 75,000 people at its peak. During the German occupation, it fought with the Germans and fought against Polish communist formations: the People’s Guard, the People’s Army, as well as the Soviet partisans and robber gangs.. Ajzenman therefore began to act on his own - he murdered, among others, an officer of the Home ArmyHome Army (AK, polish: Armia Krajowa) – the clandestine armed forces of the Polish Underground State during World War II.. He had a terrible reputation even among members of the communistic People's Army.

The PPR headquarters knew that "Julek" and his thugs were a scandal to GL. They robbed, raped, murdered. Their exploits echoed widely, spoiling the already poor opinion of people of communist partisans. They were hated by the inhabitants of Radom region. A certain “Góral” [polish: Highlander], an escapee from the Warsaw ghetto, was sent from Warsaw to take over the command of Ajzenman's group and change its face. However, this one did not endure the degradation for long. A few weeks later he murdered "Góral" and a certain sergeant "Zenek", one of his colleagues, and then escaped. He broke off communication with the PPR for several months. He roamed the region, robbing with a group of faithful partisans, no longer cloaked in any ideology.

For these crimes, Franciszek Jóźwiak, chief of staff of the GL, sentenced Ajzenman to death. Ultimately, for unknown reasons, it was not performed. "Julek" was re-admitted to GL. He was promoted to lieutenant. The new group to which he belonged was active in the Kielce region. They were also robbing and murdering Home Army soldiers. They was responsible for at least several dozen murders of underground soldiers and inhabitants of Kielce.

"Chytry" credited himself with carrying out many combat actions, including 44 fights with German, derailing 19 German trains and freeing 80 prisoners from the hands of the Germans.

"Julek" ended his participation in the battles of World War II as "political and field director" in the NKVDPeople's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR (NKVD, russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел) – a central state organ existing under this name in the years 1917–1946. He became a symbol of all crimes committed by the Soviets in the public consciousness. landing group "Nitra". He was active in the Konskie region. Wherever he appeared, robberies and death multiplied. In January 1945, his superior from the staff of the People's Army, Józef Małecki, pseudonym "Sęk" [polish Knag], even warned him:

I inform you that in the field you have a reputation as a bloodthirsty and I am following how the population is being worked against you and there may be an organized attempt to destroy you.

In turn, Hilary ChechłowskiHilary Chełchowski (born 10 January 1908 in Mosaki-Stara Wieś, died 10 December 1983 in Warsaw) - Polish carpenter and communist politician. Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1950-1952), Minister of State Farms (1951-1954) and a member of the State Council (1955-1957), Member of the National Council and of the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the first term. wrote about Ajzenman as follows:

I met comrade "Cunning" as a Julek in 1942, in a partisan unit of the People's Guard - he did not have good reputation. Chief-like pride shone through in him. There is no exactly data to prove it, but the fact is that he had a number of comrades from the partisan unit on his conscience, including the liaison officer Zosia.
He was not disciplined, disobeyed the Party and the commanders of the People's Army, he did various abuses, especially on the material ones. For this and the other things above he received a death sentence. This sentence was not carried out, it was hoped that he would improve, but this improvement was not evident until the very end.

However, no one undertook his liquidation, and Ajzenman was never held accountable for his crimes. Poland was "liberated" by the Red Army awaited by "Julek", and he was redirected to the Ministry of Public Security. He made a career in the communist Security Office, where he served as a lieutenant.

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