Jewish involvement in the leadership of the Bolshevik revolution
Although it is widely believed that Lenin played first fiddle in the Bolshevik revolution, the originator and father of the Bolshevik coup was Alexander Parvus (actually Alexander Israel Helphand). He dreamed of a revolt that would change the political system and that would sweep across Russia. He was sentenced to three years for subversion, but escaped to Germany, where he met many influential citizens and gained contacts with Jewish financiers from all over the world. He quickly made a fortune. Together with bankers, including from the USA, he prepared the groundwork for the Russian coup.
Parvus introduced Trotsky to this environment when he arrived to New York. He stayed there for three months in 1917. He occupied a luxury flat paid for three months in advance and travelled to meetings with bankers in a chauffeured limousine. In May of the same year he returned to Russia. With enough money at his disposal to do so, he joined the revolution.
The Russian Nobel Prize winner Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (1918 - 2008) - Russian writer, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature. Author of moralistic works about the communist system of enslavement and terror, showing the Gehenna of life in the camps (including the three-volume work The Gulag Archipelago), and historical works about the 20th century history of Russia. wrote about Jewish participation in the Bolshevik Revolution in his book Two Hundred Years Together as follows:
After the April conference in 1917, among the nine members of the new Central Committee of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (Bolsheviks) were three Jews - Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and Yakov Sverdlov.
At a historic meeting in Moscow in 1917, a coup was decided upon. Of its 12 participants, six were of Jewish origin (Lev Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Yakov Sverdlov, Moses Uricki and Grigory Sokolnikov).
At the same meeting the first Politburo was also elected. Of its seven members, four were Jewish: Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Sokolnikov.
The physician and publicist Danil Samoylovich Pasmanik
Danil Samoylovich Pasmanik (Пасманик, Даниил Самойлович), Daniel Ben-Samueli (1869 - 1930) - Russian publicist and social activist of Jewish origin, a doctor, an associate professor at the Medical Faculty of Geneva University, an activist of Zionist movement. From 1917 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Kadet party. A participant in the White Guard movement which was trying to restore the old system by fighting against the Bolsheviks. He was an opponent of the Soviet Union and the Provisional Government. wrote: There is no doubt, the Jewish dissenters have gone far beyond the percentage norm and have taken up too much space among the Bolshevik commissars.
Pasmanik referred to Jews as "dissenters" because Russian revolutionaries considered it treasonous that Jews were financing the revolution with money from across the border. The Jews, on the other hand, understood that the Bolshevik minority (that is, the minority pretending to be a majority; Russian: большой [read: bolshoi] - large) would not maintain control over such a large nation without massive financial support to enable them to introduce a system of extensive control and terrorizing of the people.
In addition to the money flowing in from the west, the tsar's property, and then private property belonging to the wealthier citizens of Russia, was plundered. This was justified on the grounds of social justice, of righting the wrongs inflicted on the nation by capitalists and acquisitiveness, the greedy exploiters of the working class and peasantry. The forerunners of this policy quickly made huge fortunes, which they invested mainly in Swiss banks. According to Leszek WichrowskiLeszek Teofil Wichrowski (born 1932) is a doctor of humanities, publicist and reviewer. For many years he conducted research in the field of press history, cooperating with the Press Studies Centre, currently operating at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He published the results of his analyses in "Zeszyty Prasoznawcze" published by OBP. In the 1970s and 1980s, he studied methodology of research on the social function of the press at the Faculty of Journalism of Charles University in Prague. For years, he has specialised in recent Polish history. He researches phenomena threatening the future of the Polish state. He is a retired Polish Army officer. He graduated from the Military Academy. During martial law, he was dismissed from the army for his political views., in his book "Crime Without Punishment", Lev Trotsky banked 11 million francs, Grigory Zinoviev 80 million, Levin (Goldman) 75 million, Moses Uricki 85 million and Hanecki (Jacob Furstenberg) 10 million dollars and 60 million francs. Karol Radek, in turn, put up for sale in the West a priceless collection of gold coins and stamps looted from the Tsar's collection. Another Bolshevik, Bela Kuhn, meanwhile, was engaged in looting valuables in the Crimea.
"The investment" of Western banks in the Bolshevik revolution more than paid off. According to a Russian general Arseniy A. Gulevich
Arseny Anatolyevich Goulevich (Гулевич, Арсений Анатольевич) (1866 - 1947) - russian military commander, lieutenant general, Entourage major general, prominent military theorist. Born in a noble family.
, between 1918 and 1922 alone, the Bolsheviks transferred more than 600 million roubles in gold to the American investment bank Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Gold was also transported to Nye Banken in Sweden. Igor Bunich, on the other hand, in his book 'Satan's training ground', states that within the borders of Imperial Russia, private property was looted in gold coins alone: 9.5 million fifteen-ounce coins (11.9 minted), 14.8 million seven-ounce coins (16.8 million minted) and 2.1 million five-ounce coins (3.3 million minted). Several thousand tonnes of gold and precious stones came from murders, robberies and requisitions: rings, earrings, gold bracelets, cigarette cases, gold trinkets, silver and gold in bars and jewellery products, works of art set in silver, especially priceless collections of icons and liturgical vessels. These valuables were later deposited in banks, mainly German, but also Swiss or Scandinavian. This was repayment of a debt for financial and military assistance in the introduction of a new system of terror. Klehr, Haynes and Firsow in their book entitled "The Secret of American Comunism" state, for example, that one journalist John Reed alone, in 1920, brought 1 million roubles in gold for the American Communist Party.
According to official statistics, in the USSR in 1934, as many as 38.5% of those holding top positions in the Soviet security apparatus were of Jewish origin, more than nine times that of other nationalities. By comparison, according to the only census of the Russian Empire's population conducted in 1897, Jews accounted for only 4.15%.
Why did the West finance the Bolshevik coup? A plausible theory is that it deprived Russia of its competitiveness with the West (USA). Tsarist Russia, with its vast territories and unimaginable amount of natural resources - despite the still huge gap between the poor and the aristocracy and also despite the incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II - was developing. With previously sponsored people in power, the west would have had real influence over its economy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire_Census
Leszek Teofil Wichrowski "Zbrodnia bez kary", Pol-Press Publishing, Inc. New York, 2003
Mr Harvey Klehr, Fridrikh Firsov, Timothy D Sergay "The Secret World of American Communism", Yale University Press; Revised ed. 1 września 1996
https://www.passa.waw.pl/index.php/artykul/jak-sie-dzis-nazywasz-a-przedtem,1438