Józef Światło / Izaak Fleischfarb

Communism - Criminals

Jozef Swiatlo (Isaac Fleischfarb) was born in 1915 in Medina to a large Jewish family of Gabriel Fleischfarb, a storekeeper in a mill. He was a high-ranking functionary in the Ministry of Public Security, including deputy director of Department X of the Ministry of Public SecurityMinistry of Public Security (UB, polish: Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) - secret police, intelligence and counterintelligence agency operating during the communist era of the Polish People's Republic. Identified with communist crimes; murders and bestial torturing of those fighting for independent Poland.. He even had the right to have a direct telephone conversations with Lavrenty BeriaLavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (1899 - 1953) - a Soviet communist activist of Georgian origin, a communist criminal, head of the NKVD, who was largely responsible for the "great purges" of the Stalinist period. One of the main perpetrators of Stalinist crimes. Directly responsible for the murder of Polish officers in Katyn. The peak of his influence fell on the period of World War II and immediately after it. After Stalin's death, he was the author of the most liberal project of systemic changes in the USSR. As a result of a conspiracy against him, he was removed from his post and executed..

The two iron cabinets in his office contained all the top-secret files, records and documents of the security apparatus and the party's [Politburo], and only he had permanent access to them. As he later recalled - ... there was evidence and testimony from every leading party activist against everyone else, both inside and outside the party, ready to be used at the politically opportune moment. He had tremendous power, stemming not only from his formal position; he used it to have a profligate and promiscuous lifestyle, not concealing his personal relationships with subordinate female ministry functionaries. He collaborated directly with Soviet NKVDPeople's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR (NKVD, russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел) – a central state organ existing under this name in the years 1917–1946. He became a symbol of all crimes committed by the Soviets in the public consciousness. officers, and was active in Soviet operational and liquidation groups. For example, he prepared a plan to arrest sixteen of the most important leaders of the Polish underground state and contributed to their arrest - including the last Home ArmyHome Army (AK, polish: Armia Krajowa) – the clandestine armed forces of the Polish Underground State during World War II. leader, General Leopold OkulickiLeopold Okulicki (born November 12, 1898 in Bratucice, died. 24 December 1946 in Moscow) - Brigadier-General of the Polish Army, co-founder of the Service for Poland's Victory (SZP), Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ), Home Army (AK), the last commander-in-chief of the Home Army, commander-in-chief of the NIE (military organisation whose task was to continue the fight for Poland's independence after the entry of the Red Army), commander of the Lodz District of the ZWZ, commander-in-chief of the ZWZ in the areas under Soviet occupation, a Cichociemny (elite special-operations paratroopers of the Polish Army in exile). Imprisoned by the NKVD in the USSR, among others in Brygidki (1941), Łubianka (1941 and 1945), Lefortow (1941 and 1945) and Butyrki (1945-1946)., and Deputy Prime Minister Jan JankowskiJan Stanisław Jankowski, pseud. Otles, Doktor, Jan, Klonowski, Sobolewski, Soból (born on 6 May 1882 in Krasowo Wielkie in the Wysokie Mazowieckie Voivodeship, died on 13 March 1953 in Włodzimierz nad Klaźmą in the USSR) - Polish political activist, Government Delegate for Poland from 19 February 1943 (formally from 21 April 1943) to 27 March 1945, chemical engineer. He was repeatedly decorated with orders for his merits in the fight against the occupying forces. In March 1945, together with other leaders of the Polish Underground State, he was arrested by the NKVD and deported to Moscow and imprisoned at Łubianka. He was probably murdered two weeks before the end of his sentence.. Both died in prison, most likely murdered. He even arrested the Polish Primate Cardinal Stefan WyszyńskiStefan Wyszyński (born 3 August 1901 in Zuzela, died 28 May 1981 in Warsaw) - Polish Roman Catholic clergyman, Primate of Poland in the years 1948-1981, known as the "Primate of the Millennium", statesman, perceived as a defender of human, national and Church rights, doctor of canon law, preacher, publicist, chaplain of the Polish Army. Posthumously awarded the Order of the White Eagle. Blessed of the Catholic Church. Surveilled by the security services of the People's Republic of Poland and placed in a place of isolation by the communist authorities of the People's Republic of Poland. , as well as communist dignitaries; Deputy Prime Minister Władysław GomułkaWładysław Gomułka, pseudonym "Wiesław", "Feliks Duniak" (1905 - 1982) - Polish communist politician, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Recovered Territories. Member of the National Council, the Legislative Seym and the Seym of the People's Republic of Poland, member of the State Council. Builder of the People's Republic of Poland. Gomułka's political line aroused distrust in Moscow. Gomułka believed that strong-arm rule and repressions could not replace social support for the people's government. He recognized that it was possible to build socialism in Poland without the dictatorship of the proletariat, terror and the annihilation of existing social structures. and Marshal Michał Rola-ŻymierskiMichał Rola-Żymierski (4 September 1890 – 15 October 1989) was a Polish high-ranking Communist Party leader, communist military commander and NKVD secret agent. He was appointed as Marshal of Poland by Joseph Stalin, and served in this position from 1945 until his death. He supported the 1981 imposition of Martial law in Poland.. He was the most efficient officer of the communist government.

Józef Światło

Swiatlo worked with some of the most important people in the apparatus of Soviet terror, including the infamous secret police sadist Jozef Rozanski. Światło not only witnessed the bloody interrogations and torture used by Security Office personnel, but also tortured prisoners himself.

In 1953, together with Anatol Fejgin, he travelled to Germany to obtain from the East German Ministry of Security (Stasi) the so-called "silencing" of Wanda BronskaWanda Brońska (born 11 September 1911, died 9 February 1972) - journalist, translator and writer, daughter of Mieczysław Broński, an activist of the Polish Communist Party. Together with her parents, she accompanied Lenin on his train journey from Switzerland to Russia before the outbreak of the October Revolution. Later, her parents were executed in Moscow during the so-called 'Great Purge'; she herself was sent to the Gulag, to a gold mine in Magadan. After the Second World War, she returned to Poland and became a journalist here. She was sent to work in the German Democratic Republic, but from there she moved to West Berlin in 1949. She then took up a job at the Polish section of Radio Free Europe, describing from the radio airwaves, among other things, the truth about the Soviet gulag system., in other words; to liquidate an inconvenient journalist. Jozef Swiatlo, however, fled to the USA. There, on Radio Free Europe, he revealed the behind-the-scenes of Soviet authorities' work, including his own.

There is no doubt that his betrayal of the party was not due to remorse, but to cold calculation. In Soviet Russia, not only was it dangerous to "know too much", Światło was also aware of his actions and what consequences he faced for them. Stalin had died, comrades he knew were "disappearing", GulagGulag (abbreviation for Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Colonies) - government agency existed from 1930, in charge of concentration camps (gulags) in the USSR, in which prisoners included both criminal offenders and political prisoners. The gulag network consisted at its peak of several thousand forced labour camps spread throughout the USSR. The camps had extremely poor living conditions, similar to those in German concentration camps, and the people placed there were forced into exhausting, slave-like labour. The poor conditions and overworking caused massive mortality, reaching up to one third of the population per year in some camps and periods. prisoners were beginning to regain their freedom, and to top it all off, Swiatło was Jewish. Even earlier, in November 1952, after the trial of Rudolf Slánski a.k.a. Salzman ended in a death sentence, he was to say to Colonel Adam Humer, deputy director of the Investigation Department, that the whole trial had been rigged. And he added: When we come to answer for our work, there will be no choice but to shoot ourselves in the head.

And this is how his attitude was described by Zbigniew BlazynskiZbigniew Błażyński (born 8 January 1914 in Jablonowo, died 25 October 1996 in London) - Polish émigré journalist, interviewed Józef Światło for Radio Free Europe in the 1950s, later employee and director of the Polish section of the BBC. , an employee of Radio Free Europe who helped prepare Swiatla's broadcasts, after his escape to the US: Swiatlo was fundamentally cynical and had no remorse. He spoke of his exploits and arrests with a smile, sometimes mischievous, often indulgent as if he were telling a good joke. And he did recounted many aspects of his work. He described the splendour in which party dignitaries lived, the crimes that were committed using their positions such as rapes and murders. He described the whole mechanism of Poland's subjugation to Soviet Russia, the fate of the soldiers of the Home Army and the distrust and party games between members of the ruling party.

"Lieutenant Colonel Jozef Swiatlo, son of Gabriel - former Deputy Director of Department X of the Ministry of Public Security in December 1953, committed desertion from public security and betrayal of official secrets. For the above, pursuant to Article 34, Section 1 of the Decree of 20 July 1954 on the Service in the Public Security Organs, I revoke Lt. Col. Józef Swiatlo's, son of Gabriel, the officer rank".

Swiatlo was granted asylum in the US and is believed to have taken up residence on a farm under an altered name. According to the Americans, Swiatlo died "on US soil on 2 September 1994". He was never held accountable for his crimes.

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