Karol Radek
Karol Radek was born in 1885 in Lviv, the son of Bernard, a postal clerk, and Sophie Lieferant, a teacher. Like many other revolutionaries, he naively believed that he would build a system that would bring equality and happiness to people. Over the years, however, he built a system of terror - the Soviet empire.
Major Mieczysław LepeckiMieczysław Bohdan Lepecki (1897 - 1969) – traveller, writer, publicist, major of infantry of the Polish Army. described Radek as follows:
I saw a thin, bent man, with something dirty in his 'exterieur'. The middle of his skull was almost bald, on the sides, above his ears, his hair was a little curly and tangled. His features did not allow us to doubt for a moment that he was Jewish. He spoke with a lively, high-pitched voice and waved his hands (...) He was born (...) and raised in Malopolska, Polish was the language of his thoughts and his culture was Polish culture.
Radek himself wrote about himself:
Beeing of Jewish origin, I did not receive a Jewish upbringing. From the time I read my first books from the 1st grade (I am not exaggerating), from the time I learned Polish history, I learned things on my own, i.e. since the 2nd grade, I considered myself a Pole.
However, it is difficult to believe his "declared Polishness", because already in Tarnów, as a secondary school student, he was expelled for communist activities. He passed his secondary school exams in Nowy Sącz. He studied at the Jagiellonian University for a while. He was involved as a journalist, was active in the socialist student organisation "Ruch", distributed communist magazines, contacted Feliks DzerzhinskyFeliks Edmundowicz Dzerzhinsky (1877 - 1926) - Polish and Soviet revolutionary and politician. After the Bolshevik coup he was the organiser of the Soviet security services. From 1917 he headed the Cheka, GPU and OGPU. Due to his co-responsibility for political repressions during the Red Terror he became known as Iron Felix, Bloody Felix or Red Executioner., wrote articles for the magazine "Czerwony Sztandar"Czerwony Sztandar [pl: Red Banner] – a newspaper published in Polish language in Lviv by the occupying Soviet authorities, from 5 October 1939 to 27 June 1941.. He took a prominent place in the hierarchy of revolutionaries of the Congress Kingdom. Being arrested, he was freed by bribes and bails.
Due to intra-party disputes, he finally came into conflict with Stalin. He was sent to a labour camp where he died in 1938 or 1939. He was murdered by fellow inmates convicted of criminal offences. It is assumed that the killers carried out the murder with the consent of the camp authorities, with the approval of the highest members of the communist regime, which Radek had so enthusiastically built.
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